- before taxes and subsidies
- Торговля: без учёта налогов и субсидий
Универсальный англо-русский словарь. Академик.ру. 2011.
Универсальный англо-русский словарь. Академик.ру. 2011.
Supply and demand — For other uses, see Supply and demand (disambiguation). The price P of a product is determined by a balance between production at each price (supply S) and the desires of those with purchasing power at each price (demand D). The diagram shows a… … Wikipedia
Business and Industry Review — ▪ 1999 Introduction Overview Annual Average Rates of Growth of Manufacturing Output, 1980 97, Table Pattern of Output, 1994 97, Table Index Numbers of Production, Employment, and Productivity in Manufacturing Industries, Table (For Annual… … Universalium
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act — Full title The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Acronym PPACA Colloquial name(s) Affordable Care Act, Healthcare Insurance Reform, Obamacare, Healthcare Reform Enacted by the … Wikipedia
HISTORICAL SURVEY: THE STATE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS (1880–2006) — Introduction It took the new Jewish nation about 70 years to emerge as the State of Israel. The immediate stimulus that initiated the modern return to Zion was the disappointment, in the last quarter of the 19th century, of the expectation that… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
National Income and Product Accounts — The National Income and Product Accounts (NIPA) are part of the national accounts of the United States. They are produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of Commerce. They are one of the main sources of data on general… … Wikipedia
Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing — For information on the price of oil, see price of petroleum. The usage and pricing of gasoline (petrol) results from factors as crude oil prices, processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, and the… … Wikipedia
Labour and tax laws in Iran — govern the employment and fiscal contributions of people working and living in Iran. Roughly one fourth of Iran s labour forc is engaged in manufacturing and construction. Another one fifth is engaged in agriculture, and the remainder are divided … Wikipedia
Income taxes in Canada — constitute the majority of the annual revenues of the Government of Canada, and of the governments of the Provinces of Canada. In the last fiscal year, the government collected roughly three times more personal income taxes than it did corporate… … Wikipedia
BANKING AND BANKERS — Antiquity There is little likelihood that financial transactions played a prominent role in the pre Exilic epoch in Ereẓ Israel; according to the ethos of Jewish society, then founded on a pronounced agrarian structure, lending was part of the… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
List of Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of England, 1642 to 1660 — This is a list of Ordinances and Acts of the Parliament of England from 1642 to 1660, during the English Civil War and the Interregnum.As King Charles I of England would not assent to Bills from a Parliament at war with him, decrees of Parliament … Wikipedia
Canadian and American economies compared — The economies of Canada and the United States are extremely similar because they are both developed countries, which have mixed economies and are each other s largest trading partners. However, key differences in population makeup, geography,… … Wikipedia